1♣ : 12-21 HCP, 3+♣. Open 1♣ with 3-3 in minors.

1♦ : 12-21 HCP, 3+♦. Open 1♦ with 4-4 in minors.

1♥ : 12-21 HCP, 5+♥.

1♠ : 12-21 HCP, 5+♠. With 5-5 or 6-6 in majors, open 1♠.

1NT : 15-17 HCP, balanced or semi-balanced.

: OK for 14 HCP and a 5-card suit

2♣* : Strong, artificial. 22+ HCP, 3+ quick defensive tricks; Or

: Single-suited major with 9+ tricks, 18+ HCP; Or

: Single-suited minor with 10+ tricks, 18+ HCP.

2♦/♥/♠ : Weak Two, 5-10 HCP, 6+ suit.

2NT : 20-21 HCP, balanced or semi-balanced.

3♣/♦/♥/♠ : Preemptive, 6-10 HCP, 6+ suit.

3NT* : Gambling. 9-13 HCP, solid 7-8 card minor headed by AKQ, no side void, no side A/K, at most one outside Q.

4♣/♦/♥/♠ : Preemptive, 6-10 HCP, 7+ suit.